Uranium (Latin Uranium) (uranium" is read[ru]; — the chemical symbol U) — a radioactive chemical element with the nuclear number 92 which nuclear mass is equal 238,0289. An actinoid.
Natural uranium consists of an intermixture of three isotopes: 238U, 99,2739%, with half-life period Т1/2 = 4,51·109 years, 235U, 0,7024%, with half-life period Т1/2 = 7,13·108 years, 234U, 0,0057%, with half-life period Т1/2 = 2,45·105 years. 238U (uranium-I, UI) and 235U (an actinouranium, АсU) are ancestors of radioactive rows. From 11 it is artificial the gained radionuclides with mass number 227-240 long-living 233U (Т1/2 = 1,62·105 years), it is gained at a neutron irradiation of thorium.
The configuration of three exterior electron sheaths 5 s 2 p 6 d 10 f 3 6 s 2 p 6 d 17 s 2, uranium concerns f-devices. It is located in IIIB to group in 7 continuance of periodic table of elements. In linkings shows degrees of an oxidising +2, +3, +4, +5 and +6, valences II, III, IV, V and VI.
Fig. 1. The Chemical element uranium:
5f3
Radius of a neutral atom of uranium of 0,156 nanometers, radius of ions: U3+ — 0,1024 nanometers, U4+ — 0,089 nanometers, U5+ — 0,088 nanometers and U6+ — 0,083 nanometers. Energies of consecutive ionisation of atom 6,19, 11,6, 19,8, 36,7 eV. An electronegativity on Poling 1,22.
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