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Without good components there are no good cars
The factory of automobile catalysts first in Russia[ru] has been constructed in 1994 in Novouralsk Sverdlovsk area and is a part of the Ural electrochemical combine.
The workings out in the field of automobile catalysts have begun in 80th years. And before there were long years of work of experts of the highest class over a problem of creation of electrochemical generators of a current (EG) for space programs of Soviet Union[ru]. Short to explain an essence of the process occurring in EG, it is possible as follows. Onboard there is a hydrogen and oxygen under pressure at which giving on a fuel element there is a chemical reaction to allocation of energy for the onboard equipment and the cleanest potable water. Basic researches have allowed to create in those days already the electrochemical generator surpassing in technical characteristics operating American analogues. Curling of the program "Snow-storm" has induced to search of new directions of activity. It was necessary to go down, that is called, from heavens on the earth[ru]. For today equipment of motor transport by catalyst converters - the unique means allowing effectively to improve an ecological indicator of the cars[ru]. In the long term ecologically pure car is a car on fuel elements. In Russia works on creation of the domestic car on fuel elements are conducted by a number of the enterprises, an UEIP among them.
Readers[ru] and the experts who are watching development of the automobile technics, are for certain familiar to that operating samples of cars of AvtoVAZ, equipped EG, were shown on motor shows in Moscow and Paris. The command which created the first EG in Russia, provides today the highest level of workings out of factory of automobile catalysts. At factory the complex approach in manufacture of automobile catalysts is realised to the full. For maintenance of the guaranteed quality at factory building the equipment of leading world manufacturers was used. More than half of enclosed means it has been spent for purchase control the analytical equipment, and it is some tens millions US[ru] dollars in the prices of 90th.
Unfortunately, it is not found yet replacement to metals of platinum group (platinum, a palladium, rhodium) in manufacture of catalysts, therefore at factory there is a special site which is engaged in manufacture of salts of precious metals. There are divisions which are engaged in working out of new products, the laboratory of quality assurance possessing the equipment on envy to many foreign manufacturers, a complex of the test equipment, allowing to make all kinds of test of catalysts, including at motor stands and as a part of the car.
The modern automobile catalyst is a unique product which personifies the highest technologies. Present: with what speed the fulfilled gases from the car engine take off, for example, at dispersal, thus clearing of gases should be close to 100 %. That it to reach, the developed surface of the catalyst is necessary, the minimum resistance to a stream of gases and the minimum loss of power of the engine should be thus provided. It is reached at the expense of application of special rare-earth materials. Catalyst work faces are that, that in one litre of volume the surface corresponds to the football ground area. The temperature of work of the catalyst reaches 1000 °С, but cars are maintained during a rain and snow, in the winter and in the summer. It is possible to present, what thermal shocks are tested by this element of the car which are responsible for ecological safety.
But it is necessary to provide also a resource more than 80 000 km at preservation of technical characteristics. Today it is possible to ascertain, that development of automobile catalysts promoted development of the whole direction of chemical manufacture in Russia. The manufactures are created, allowing to produce raw materials of high repartition. It is possible not to explain, that the Russian bowels are rich also with metals of platinum group. In manufacture of such hi-tech products which catalysts are, were to the full used nanotechnology how about nanotechnology the wide public has learnt.
Today in manufacture of the Russian catalysts the knowledge and experience of institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences are used not only workings out of experts of the factory, based on own school catalysis (more than thirty-year experience something means), but.
Today the UEIP is the recognised leader not only in Russia, but also in the world in area catalysis.
Leisure fictions that in Russia there are no the competitive enterprises making hi-tech components, are denied by a ten years' operational experience of factory of automobile catalysts an UEIP.
Not only manufacture of raw materials on a basis nanotechnology is mastered to Russia, but also the manufacture of the capital equipment which is not conceding, and frequently surpassing foreign analogues. All it allows to provide absence of dependence on import, to raise competitiveness of products as a whole.
But the equipment without experts is a piece of iron, the command of adherents, professionals is necessary. At factory there is a most expensive active - the collective with rich traditions which masters a new direction development of autocomponents is kept. The working system of a quality management is necessary. Therefore one of the first in Russia the factory has passed certification on conformity to requirements of international standard QS 9000, then ISO-9001/2000, and in 2007 there has successfully passed certification on conformity to requirements of international standard ISO/TS 16949:2002.
It is a lot of forces and knowledge of experts of factory it has been spent for formation of the market of automobile catalysts of Russia. Joint efforts of experts of the Russian car factories and an UEIP had been developed products corresponding to world level - catalyst converters. With these products for the first time in Russia AvtoVAZ cars have passed certification in international certified centre JUTAK (France) on conformity to requirements of Euro 2, Euro 3, and then and Euro 4.
Legislatively norms of Euro 2 have been entered into Russia only in 2005, but the factory lived[ru] and developed. From first day of the existence continuous system work on creation of domestic systems of neutralisation of the fulfilled gases was conducted, but there were no commodity markets in Russia. Therefore it was necessary «to cut through a window» to Europe and China. Today hundred thousand the cars equipped with the Russian catalysts, provide cleanliness of air on roads of Europe and Asia. Not oil and gas are exported, and products of the highest intellectual filling, and both for cars with gasoline engines, and for the cars using a diesel fuel. Leading world manufacturers before to sign the contract on delivery, should be absolutely assured of quality of a product, its competitiveness, are assured of possibility of deliveries «precisely in time», thus neither customs problems, nor do not excite the big distances of the customer. For all period of work of the claim on quality, logistics the factory has no.
Even gourmets Japanese have conducted test in the national automobile centre and have been rather surprised by the received positive result.
Today it is important to model ability results. Available original techniques allow to make an estimation of components of the catalyst with a prediction of their catalytic action, quickly and authentically to predict resource behaviour of new catalysts. Resource maintenance in 100 thousand in km of run of the car - any more a problem.
Modern development of automobile catalysts occurs under the influence of mutually exclusive factors:
All it in the conditions of the most severe competition - the good stimulus to behave in shape. Here also it was necessary for last five years, despite toughening of ecological measures, not only to lower almost in 2 times catalyst volume, but also to reduce in 3 times the specific maintenance of precious metals, i.e. to provide drop of consumer cost of the catalyst. Thus the product corresponds to more rigid norms of Euro 3.
It is necessary to notice, that unique domestic technologies of extraction of precious metals from the used catalysts that allows to provide a reuse of precious metals are developed and to lower product cost. It is pleasant, that this field of activity of the highest technologies successfully develops in Russia.
Unfortunately, it is possible to ascertain, that last time is observed the occurrence tendency in production market, to put it mildly, not professional execution, but rather attractive under the price. Also it is very dangerous tendency, it is impossible to create so unique product without special knowledge and the equipment. Today the Russian government adheres to a hard line in questions of conformity made in Russia and cars imported on its territory to ecological standards on all extent of life cycle of the car. And motor-car manufacturers who use products with the "good" price, can face rather serious problems further. It is a way in anywhere. And as competitors will be glad... One of the main problems of the Russian car industry who is discussed by experts, shortage of the current technologies is. Really, without good accessories there is no good car, but the above-stated says that in Russia there are worthy enterprises.
It is obviously important to pay attention of heads of the government, deputies of the State Duma to positive examples. In Russia there are the enterprises, capable to make autocomponents at world level. The motor industry is necessary for the country is more than 3 million workplaces, but the competent industrial policy of maintenance of a domestic car industry is necessary. Arrival of the foreign companies should promote development of the domestic industry, but it is not enough examples when the Russian companies become suppliers of foreign car factories.
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