 |
|
|
|
On August 5, 1963 in Moscow the Contract forbidding tests of the nuclear weapon in atmosphere, in a space and under water has been signed. «The Moscow contract» has grown out of the negotiations begun in 1958 in Geneva at the initiative of the USSR[ru]. From the USSR the Contract has signed Andrey Andreevich Gromyko, from the USA[ru] - D.Rask, from the Great Britain[ru] - lord Hjum and 10 ambassadors - on behalf of the countries[ru]. By September 11 under the document there were 77 signatures. The contract has entered validity on October 10, after ratification by parliaments of initial participants - the USSR, the USA and England.
For today participants of the Contract are 131 country[ru], among them India, Pakistan and Israel. Besides, 15 countries have signed, but did not ratify it. In the list of members «Moscow contract» there are no two official nuclear states - France and the Peoples Republic of China.
This Contract is termless, each participant has the right of an exit from it, having notified about it for three months of all its other participants.
In document articles the purposes of participants - the prompt achievement of the agreement on general and full disarmament under the strict international control which would put the end to race of arms are proclaimed and has eliminated stimulus to manufacture and tests of all types of weapon, including nuclear. Each participant of the contract undertakes to forbid, prevent and not to make any test explosions in any place which is under its jurisdiction or the control.
Tests of the nuclear weapon and any other nuclear explosions are forbidden in atmosphere, behind its limits, including a space, under water, including territorial waters and the high sea. Besides it, nuclear explosions in any other environment if they cause radioactive fallout outside of territory of borders of the state are forbidden, under jurisdiction or which control explosion is made.
On August 11, 1948 - B.L.Vannikov has presented to the top management of the country the inquiry on work on a problem of use of an atomic energy in which position with capacities and questions of their further increase was marked.
Factories under construction at that time № 813 and 814 on plutonium and uranium[ru]-235 manufacturing should give an end-product in industrial scale. At the same time, at these factories it was planned to spend practical check and the decision of the major questions connected with realisation of a nuclear problem. Proverochno-skilled character of the first under construction factories has caused rather small scales of industrial production.
Vannikov B. L. - The chief of the First central administrative board at SNK
As building of objects of the First central administrative board caused considerable expenses and loading of the major industries Vannikov considered, that for an establishment of the rational plan of the further building and development of capacities PGU it is necessary: first, to establish, what quantity and in what dynamics of increase is necessary to let out bombs, as will define prospect of development of all kinds of manufacture of industry GPU; secondly, maintenance with qualified personnel and loading of capacities of the instrument factories executed for execution of orders of the First central administrative board, it is necessary to make in coordination with the First central administrative board; thirdly, expenses for building of the enterprises of the First central administrative board were very considerable, and here execution in some cases insufficiently qualitative, that lowered efficiency of all expensive enterprise. On many buildings a number of urgent civil and erection works was extremely tightened because of a lack or absence of the workers admitted on objects. Realisation of civil work on objects of the First central administrative board mainly contingents of the prisoners special settlers, repatriates, etc. categories of the workers who do not have the admission on building of the special regime enterprises, is absolutely inexpedient.
Also in the inquiry it was said, that in case of application of an atomic energy and nuclear materials in the military purposes and for economic problems inevitably it is necessary to be reconstructed in many questions.
Source: Information leaflet UEIP 11 from August, 5th, 2008
Article on a theme: Factory creation UEIP
(c) 2007-2023 Uranium, energy and industry | Copying of site materials is allowed with an active link to ueip.org
Privacy policy | Contact
